[Wang Caiwen and Xie Pengfei] Xin Chouqiu Furen Reading Club “The Analects” General Chapters 57 and 58
General Chapters 57 and 58 of “The Analects” of Xin Chou Qiu Furen Reading Club
Lecturer: Wang Caiwen
Reviewer: Xie Pengfei
Source: “Qinming Academy” WeChat public account
Time: Confucius’ year of 2572, Renyin, October 23, Guiyou
Jesus November 16, 2022
Editor’s Note
General Chapter 57. The 58th session was lectured by Wang Caiwen and reviewed by Xie Pengfei. The notes are divided into three parts: “meaning of words”, “explanation”, and “questions or explanations”. They are discussed using “Zhu Xi’s Categories”, “The Analects of Confucius or Questions”, “The Justice of the Analects”, “New Interpretations of the Analects” and “Reading and Interpretation of the Analects”. The meaning of words and expressions should be clearly distinguished.
·The third of eight·
Part 3, Chapter 17·General Chapter 57
【Scripture】
Zigong wanted to go and sue Shuo for his sacrifice. Confucius said: “It is a gift. You love the sheep, and I love the gifts.” Go and start Lu Fan. Report, Gudu rebels. Too bad, Xu Qi is counterproductive. 〇The ceremony of announcing the new moon: In ancient times, emperors often used the time of winter to announce the new moon of the following year in December to the princes. The princes accepted it and hid in their ancestral temples. On the first day of the Lunar New Year, Ethiopia Sugar presented a special sheep to the temple and asked for it. Meat, raw animals. From the time Duke Wen of Lu began to ignore Shuo, a minister still offered the sheep, so Zigong wanted to go there. The Master said: “It is a gift. You love the sheep, and I love the gifts.” To love is to cherish. Zigong Gai regretted that it was useless and wasted money. However, although the etiquette is abolished, the sheep still exist, and they can still be recognized and restored. If you take away the sheep, the ritual will be destroyed, which is why Confucius cherished it. 〇 Yang said: “Telling Shuo, the princes are the ones who give orders to the king and relatives because of the great etiquette. Lu does not regard Shuo, but Yang Cun means that the name of Suo Shuo has not been lost, but in fact it can be promoted. This is why Master cherishes it. Ye.”
[Word meaning] Gaoshuo: “Xinjie” explains Gaoshuo in two ways: The first meaning is the same as that stated in “Collected Comments”: Zhou Li, In the winter of each year, the emperor announced the new day of each month for the next year and announced it to the princes. The princes accepted it and hid it in the temple of their ancestor. On the first day of every new year (the first day of the new year in the old calendar), the princes would present it to the people in the temple and call it “Shuo”.
Another meaning: Emperor Zhou ended the year in DecemberThe princes of the country were informed of Ethiopians Sugardaddy on the first day of the lunar month, and the princes entertained the envoys with sheep. Suo Shuo. Complain to superiors and subordinates. The report reads like a word. This meaning is also recorded in “The Analects of Justice” Ethiopians Escort, and is marked with “This statement is the most correct”: “The emperor’s To the princes, there are rituals and reports. The rituals to the princes are like asking questions, congratulating people, making excuses, and giving advice to the princes. It is common for Situ to preach, Sima to govern, and Sikou to punish. It is a common thing at the end of the year, and it is not a country, so it is not a minister, but an emblem, and it is passed on. , It can be achieved with a banner, and then it can be done quickly. The princes will pay tribute according to their fate, either with Shao Lao or with special sheep.” Moreover, the background of the time is also pointed out: “After King You, no one will do it. Tell Shuo to the princes, and there are officials in Lu who follow the rules to offer sheep, and as for Ding and Ai, they are still in order.”
In short, it is the emperor of Zhou who is superior to me. A gift from the princes. This kind of etiquette reflects the etiquette between the Zhou emperor and the princes.
Other questions: (The following contents are all from Liu Baonan’s “The Analects of Justice”) Season of Autumn or Season of Winter;
Unfortunately: The second message was that the emperor did not tell the new moon in a leap month, and the Zuo family thought it was disrespectful to not tell the new moon in a leap month. Liu Baonan thought that the Zuo family had a long history of righteousness. If Gai does not report it, the princes may not know that there is a leap.
Shishuo: The princes regard the emperorEthiopians Escort and those who do it are called looking at the new moon. And the emperor also listened to Shuo. “Book of Rites·Yamazao” records: “Emperor Xuanduan went to the east gate of the sun and listened to the new moon outside the south gate, and the princes Pi Bian listened to the new moon in the Taimiao Temple.” Zheng noted the Yanming Hall at the south gate. The emperor calls heaven and governs, and he also has the ritual of listening to the new moon, which is the same as that of the princes. In particular, the emperor listens to the new moon in the Mingtang, and the princes listen to the new moon in the temple.
The Forgotten Sheep: The Forgotten Sheep is the sheep that will be used in the ceremony of announcing the new moon. Because it is killed but not cooked, it is called glutinous rice. “Collected Notes” refers to the so-called life.
The “New Interpretation” also adds: Any animal that is raised is called a prison, cooked and cooked is called a feast, and killed but not cooked is called a dumpling. According to the following explanation, it is called “feeding guests”.
AndLiu Baonan’s “The Analects of Justice” further points out: The reason why the emperor governs the whole country is not because the princes are responsible for returning to the previous emperor. It is said to be begging, and it is also called begging. “Why do you hate mom so much?” she asked her seven-year-old son in a heartbroken voice and hoarsely. Seven years old is not too young to be ignorant. She is his biological mother. The food provided to the water guests may be animals or grains, which are all called glutinous rice. “Shuowen”: “Qi” is also a way of feeding guests with cud rice. From the meter, the sound of breath.
The begging words here express the relationship between the Zhou emperor and the princes, that is, a relationship between superiors and subordinates that can be expressed through gifts.
[Explanation] According to the following explanation, we can understand that after King You, the ceremony of advising Shuo was actually abolished. Because the State of Lu adhered to the Zhou rites and had experienced officials, it was “conventional to offer sheep.” This means that although the rituals are abolished, the sheep still exist. As for eating sheep here, Zigong wanted to go there and not kill the sheep at this time, but Confucius objected. The reason for Confucius’ objection was: “Love the etiquette.” The explanation given by Zhu Zi is: “Although the rituals are abolished, the sheep still exist, but they can be restored by recognizing them. If the sheep are removed, the rituals will perish, so Confucius cherishes them.” In other words, although the true rituals are If it is not implemented, but the goat that represents this ritual still exists, then this ritual still has the possibility of revival. If the goat is also abolished, this ritual will truly perish, and future generations will no longer be able to remember it and revive it. . This is what Yang said: “If the sheep survives, the name of Shuo will not be lost.” At a glance, we can see the difference between Zigong and Confucius regarding rites and sheep.
[Comment] Zhu Xi’s explanation goes from “loving sheep” to “loving gifts”. The key is to connect the two with “cherishing”. “Cherish” means intolerance. The Master saved the sacrificed sheep out of the intolerance of losing the rites. Can it be said that there is a comparison between the intolerance of “sheep” and the “rituals”, with rites being the more serious need to be preserved?
There are four errors in Liu Baonan’s “Analects of Justice” about Zheng’s annotations. It is generally complicated, but does not affect the understanding of this chapter of “The Analects of Confucius”, so it is not confusing.
What needs to be explained is that Teacher Ding’s understanding is very different from Zhu Zi’s. To explain it, he politely said: “I don’t think so”: If you save the sheep, since the sheep are killed, the etiquette may not be restored, then you may not be able to see that “I love the etiquette”, but “I do not love the sheep”. Can the sheep go? First of all, we should ask, what is the meaning of using sheep, oxen, etc. in sacrifices when the rites are not broken? The etiquette is based on respect. Therefore, when you meet each other, you should call it sincerity to express your intention, and when you offer sacrifices, you should use animals to show respect. It is not the same as saying that etiquette is sincerity and animal sacrifices. This is the so-called “ritual darkness” in General Chapter 444 later. The sudden sound was so pleasant, but he couldn’t help but be stunned. He turned around and saw the bride slowly walking towards him holding a candlestick. He didn’t let Yun Liyun know the treasure. “And so on. “The sacrifice is as present” means that I am worshiping you, not the sheep as the cow. It can be seen that the integrity of etiquette depends on my ability to respect and respectEthiopia Sugar DaddyNo. If only cattle and sheep are sacrificed, it may not mean that there will be true rituals and music. Therefore, even if the sheep are kept, it is not known whether the rituals exist, and how can we think that they are bad? The gift of the sheep is restored! Since the ritual is broken because of my lack of respect, this is why Lu abolished the ritual and kept the sheep. Is it because he was afraid of the ghost? ! “Lan Yuhua quickly hugged her soft mother-in-law, feeling that she was about to faint. Sacrificing a sheep to flatter her with the power of God is like sacrificing something that is not a ghost, “I don’t want to sacrifice it” or something like that? Zigong wanted to go to the temple. Sheep, since we know that rites are not just for sheep, it is not the way to go to rites. However, when the rites and music collapse, Confucianism should focus on restoring the rites. Therefore, Zigong knows that this is not the case. It is difficult to restore the ritual, so you should choose the one that is easy to do? Then go to the sheep. The sheep is just a solitary object and has nothing to do with the ritual. It is not possible to influence etiquette. This is what Mencius taught King Xuan of Qi to “just add it to others.” , there is no harm in keeping it, killing one’s body can be a virtuous thing, why not save the sheep to restore the rites? It does not harm etiquette, but Ethiopians Escort can go on, and it is not what Confucians want to say. Therefore, the Master said, “You love your sheep. “I love its etiquette” cannot be read as: What I love, I love what I love. Sheep and etiquette, Things that are not opposite but are both lovelyEthiopians Sugardaddy are also. “Are you proposing this marriage to force Miss Lan to marry you?” ” Pei’s mother asked her son. It is inevitable that “all the people love the king” (Mencius’s “The King of Liang Hui”) means “love”; those who “love their sheep” are good at pushing their hearts, which is attributed to “love their etiquette” ; Anyone who “loves his etiquette” “loves his sheep”, from this point of view, the “love” of “loving sheep” is benevolence, and the “sheep” of “loving sheep” is not an isolated “thing”, ” “Things I and You” (Zhang Zi’s “Xi Ming”) means “things” that help me complete rituals. Therefore, it is said that the Master tolerated the unprovoked harm to cattle and sheep for a defective ritualEthiopia Sugar DaddyIt is my destiny that the master will not be like this! This chapter is just to teach the son to pay tribute, and to restore the etiquette. In the etiquette, everything should be appropriate.
The first is whether the sheep can go there? Will the etiquette become useless when the sheep leave? According to previous explanations, if the sheep goes away, “this ritual will die.” Teacher Ding wants to explain that “the master of etiquette is respectful”. When there is no respect, Ethiopians Sugardaddy the etiquette will disappear. The so-called “the etiquette is disrespectful to me.” Bad by absence”. Ritual does not exist because of the existence of sheep ET Escorts, that is, eating sheep is not a ritual. Zigong understood this, so he said, “It is not appropriate to pay homage to a sheep.” After Ding Ting confirmed Zigong, what he wanted to point out was the setting at that time and the role of Confucianists at that time: Ethiopians Sugardaddy “What Confucians did It’s important to keep your heart in mind, and return to rituals is the best thing.” Although Zigong’s idea is not wrong, his intention is wrong. What’s more important is that Zigong only regarded the sheep as a solitary thing and had nothing to do with etiquette. From this point we can also understand what Zhu Zi meant. Zhu Zi saw the relationship between sheep and rites. But without Teacher Ding’s analysis here, in terms of understanding, it would never be said that Confucius is the reason why he teaches Zi Gong. Teacher Ding will take a step further to point out the understanding of “I love its sheep, and I love its etiquette”. This is not about you loving what you love, I love what I love. The heart that loves rituals is the heart that loves sheep. The “love” of “love sheep” is benevolence, and the “sheep” of “love sheep” is not a lonely “thing” “, “Things I and Ye” (Zhang Zi’s “Xi Ming”) “things” are also those who help me complete rituals. Finally, this chapter points out that Confucius taught Zigong to use his love for sheep and expand his love for rituals. Of course, only with this place of heart can the restoration of ritual be achieved.
“Or Question”: If you love sheep, then Fan’s so-called saving money will get it. One might think that King Xuan of Qi could not bear to challenge Zhong Zhiniu, but that is not the case either.
[Comment] For the Master, discussing the preservation of the sheep with Zigong shows that the Master still maintains a confidence in restoring the rituals when saving sheep. . Therefore, we can see the Master’s love for gifts from the Master’s Ethiopia Sugar depositing sheep. ET EscortsIf you love gifts, it will not hinder the sheepEthiopia Sugar and hesitate and detract. In other words, the gift of love comes first. That is what Zhu Zi said in “Zhu Zi Yu Lei”: “Mortal people only cherish the tip with disdain, but the heart of the saint does not regard the tip as a matter of importance. What he cherishes is a courtesy, and what he saves is great.”
Part 3 Chapter 18·General Chapter 58
【Scripture】 Said: “If you serve the king with all the courtesy, people will think you are flattering.”
[Zhu’s Note] Confucius said: “If you serve the king with all the courtesy, people will think you are flattering.” Huang said : “Confucius’s etiquette for serving the king is not an addition. It is like this and then it is done. People at the time cannot do it, but instead I think it’s flattering. So Confucius said it is a matter of course.” Chengzi said: “When a sage serves the king with courtesy, he thinks it is flattery. The words stop at this. The saint’s great nature Ethiopia Sugar Daddy Dehong, this can also be seen.”
[Word meaning] Serve the king with courtesy: Jun refers to Mr. Lu. Be courteous and behave in a manner that is courteous. When dealing with the monarch and officials, everyone should be polite. And Teacher Ding also pointed out that it has “harmony, joy, color and grace”, that is, to achieve the harmony of color, you can only try your best to do it. If there are difficult colors, you can’t do it. As the saying goes: “Getting one and leaving one behind is not called ‘exhaustion’.”
“Hua’er, do you still remember your name? How old are you this year?Ethiopia Sugar DaddyWho are the people in our family? Who is the father? What is the biggest wish of the mother in this life?” Mother Blue watched closely
Flattery: flattering. It has been explained before and will not be repeated again.
[Explanation] “New Interpretation”: When you read “The Analects” and the purpose of a chapter is unclear, you can refer to the ordering of the chapters. The upper and lower chapters here all talk about Lu affairs, so we know that this chapter is also called Lu Fa.
At that time, the three families were strong and the official family was weak, so everyone attached themselves to the three families. Seeing Confucius serving the king with all courtesy, he suspected that he was flattering, so Confucius said this. Zhu Zi believed that this sentence was “a matter of course in order to understand etiquette.” This etiquette is a matter of course, it is “to serve the king as a courtesy” and cannot be abolished.
Cheng Zi would like to point out that Confucius’s way of speaking can also show the great virtue of the saint. This is also the characteristic of the Neo-Confucianists of the Song and Ming dynasties who never forgot to refer to the images of saints when interpreting classics. If an explanation would damage the image of a saint, then such an explanation should not be adopted.
[Comment] It can also be seen from “People of the time couldn’t do it, but thought they were flattering”Ethiopians SugardaddyAt that time, there were many people who were disrespectful and disrespectful of etiquette.
[Summary or question] “Zhu Zi Yu Lei” says: “Confucius must bow down”, this sentence is unclear. Original text: For example, “I bowed down before bowing down, but now I bow down to the top”, and Confucius must bow down to the bottom. This is where Confucius fulfilled his etiquette. Baht.
[Comment] Bow down, bow down in the hall.
You, the king, also say that you are afraid of destiny and adults. Looking at it from the words of Zisi and Mencius, we can see the distinction between sages and sages. Aspirations, both of them should consider what they have heard and choose accordingly.” Here we talk about the difference between sages and sages, and the Master’s so-called “serving the emperor with courtesy” is just “fearing destiny and fearing adults.” How to go from “fearing fate and fearing adults” to “doing the right thing for the king”?
“Zhu Xi Yulei”: “Fearing destiny” is a good word. If you understand the truth, you will do it with caution, and you will not dare to disobey it, which means you are afraid of it. If it is not polite, please do not see, hear, speak or act, and be careful with your husband, because they are all afraid of destiny. However, it is also necessary to understand that the destiny of heaven can only be obtained in a certain way. It can be roughly seen that “fear” means to be respectful, and the person who is respectful means to care for oneself. To be polite is to respect the courtesy that is natural and to be careful not to be lazy in the slightest. However, saints naturally do this perfectly.
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